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对不合格高校学生进行清退，近年来成为高等教育“严出”的一种标配。此举有利于消除存量并激活源头，对于规范教育教学秩序，不断提高等教育质量都具有综合效应。

从之前的一些先例来看，对于研究生被清退不外乎如下原因，要么因成绩未达标，要么超过学业年限，要么主动申请退学等。根据2017年9月起施行的《普通高等学校学生管理规定》第三十条规定，在校生的学业成绩未达到学校要求或者在学校规定的学习年限内未完成学业的，学校可予退学处理。以此作为依据，相关学校清退研究生并无不妥。

但问题在于，造成如此现状，仅把板子打在学生身上也有失公允。从调查的情况看，虽然被作出退学处理的研究生，绝大多数属在职研究生，较之于全日制研究生在准入门槛上有所降低，但并不影响“宽进严出”的质量标准。尤为关键的是，这些研究生“超期”的形成并非偶然，有一个相当长的时间积累，学校如何进行的过程管理，有没有尽到教育机构应有的促进责任，同样值得追问。

若是没有相应的考核发挥日常作用，起到“严管”的基本功能，则末端的清理如何严格，本质上都是一种失范。清理的研究生人员数量越多，越暴露出在事前、事中的管理上存在严重的不足。

与大力度清退相比，有几个细节耐人寻味——河海大学在公告中提到，因附件名单中的同学难以联系，《退学决定书》无法直接送达，故采用公告送达的方式。由此有几个疑问待解，被清退的学生已然“失联”，究竟存续了多长时间，平时又是如何进行的学业管理？更进一步的是，这些人究竟是如何获取的博士研究生的资格，是否可以在“无法联系”情况下，未经相应的程序就可以由学校任意处置？

在导师负责制的体系下，一个学生长期失联且严重超过学习时限，这种现象显然极不正常，也需要进行相应的责任追溯。如果没有学校的管理失责，导师的管理失范，如此多的研究生也不会成为被清退的对象。与此同时，清退研究生关乎个体的直接利益，理应有相应的救济程序，让每个人都有为自己伸张的权利，在学校没有联系的情况下就被清退了出来，于情于理都说不过去。学校固然可以采取“登报公告”等方式，不过所有的后果都由被清退一方承担，无法实现责权利的统一和制衡。

随着高校对不同学历层次的大学生清退力度的增加，相应的质疑声也开始多了起来，很多教育学者指出，被清退学生的问题产生也非一朝一夕，加强导师的岗位管理，强化对学生日常的过程评价，用多元化的学术成果来评价博士生的学术水平，才能用平常的严格管理，形成对所有学子的最大保护。否则，清退的风暴刮得越猛，其平常的教育管理过程就越值得反问。反思背后的真正原因，才能避免被表象所迷惑。（唐伟）

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